Which term refers to the cause of a disorder?

• A. The symptoms
• B. The prognosis
• C. The treatment
• D. The cause of a disorder

Answer: (D)

Understanding what causes a disorder is about etiology—the study of origins and contributing factors behind a condition. Among the options, naming “the cause of a disorder” directly points to that idea, since it specifies the source or reason behind the condition rather than its signs, future course, or management. Etiology encompasses the various influences that contribute to a disorder, including genetic predispositions, biological factors, environmental influences, and psychological drivers. For contrast, symptoms are the observable signs the person experiences, prognosis refers to the expected course or outcome, and treatment involves the interventions used to address the disorder. For example, in a mood disorder, etiological factors might include neurotransmitter imbalances and life stressors, while symptoms would be mood changes, prognosis would describe likely outcomes over time, and treatment would involve therapy or medications.